South America has a rich diversity of dog breeds, each with a unique set of traits and histories. While there are many breeds native to the continent, some of the most recognizable include the Brazilian Mastiff, Dogo Argentino, Peruvian Inca Orchid, Brazilian Terrier, and Argentine Pila Dog.
Each section will highlight everything you need to know if you’re looking for a South American dog breed, with information regarding breed-specific temperament, care requirements, and suitability as pets.
1. Brazilian Mastiff: A Large, Powerful Dog
The Brazilian Mastiff, also known as the Fila Brasileiro, is a massive, powerful dog breed developed in Brazil for working on cattle farms and plantations. Known for their loyalty and protective nature, these dogs are often used as guard dogs, while also highly valued for their ability to track and apprehend intruders.
These dogs form unbreakable bonds with their families and are incredibly loyal and protective. They are known for their natural distrust of strangers, which is why they are such amazing guard dogs, but require careful socialization from a young age to prevent unchecked aggression. They thrive with the right owners and families with older children who understand how to respect these large dogs’ boundaries.
This breed is best suited for experienced dog owners who can provide firm, consistent training and leadership. Otherwise, behavioral issues can lead to rehoming. Brazilian Mastiffs are also very active dogs that require ample exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom. They also require a generous amount of space due to their size.
2. Dogo Argentino: Banned in the United Kingdom
The Dogo Argentino is a powerful and athletic breed that was originally developed in Argentina for big game hunting, including wild boar and even puma. This breed is known for its strength, courage, and endurance, as well as the breed’s loyalty and affection toward its family. People all over the world love them as watchdogs who will protect their families.
Dogos are muscular, agile dogs that require a lot of physical activity to stay healthy, happy, and content in their environment. They truly thrive in active households where they can participate in activities like running, hiking, and interactive play. Early socialization and training are critical for these dogs to ensure that they are well-mannered and comfortable around other animals and people.
Unfortunately, because of their protective nature and strong jaws, these dogs are banned in many places worldwide, including Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Norway, Turkey––the list goes on and on.
However, with positive reinforcement and an understanding of the breed, these big dogs make loyal companions.
3. Peruvian Inca Orchid: Loyal, Affectionate, and Noble
The Peruvian Inca Orchid, also known as the Peruvian Hairless Dog, is an ancient breed dating back to pre-Incan civilization in Peru. This breed is known for being mostly hairless, although like the Chinese Crested Dog, coated varieties also exist. The Peruvian Inca Orchid is prized for its elegant appearance and truly affectionate temperament.
These dogs form strong bonds with their owners, making them great additions to families with young children. With some dogs weighing up to 55 pounds, these canines are prized for being alert, intelligent, and protective, which is why they are such dedicated watchdogs. Despite their lack of fur, hairless varieties require special skin care, including protection from the sun and cold weather, as they are very susceptible to frostbite and sunburn.
Regular bathing and moisturizing are absolutely essential to maintain healthy skin. The coated variety also requires regular grooming to keep its coat in good condition and free of any tangles, mats, or debris.
4. Brazilian Terrier: Active and Social
The Brazilian Terrier is a small to medium-sized dog that originated in Brazil and quickly gained popularity in different parts of the world. Known for their lively and energetic nature, these dogs were traditionally used for hunting and controlling vermin on farms. They are very well-known for their tri-colored coat and agile build, making them very easy to spot in a crowd of other dogs.
Like other terrier breeds, Brazilian Terriers are very intelligent and active dogs that require a lot of physical exercise and mental stimulation. They excel in various breed-specific sports including agility and obedience competitions.
This breed is highly sociable and tends to get along very well with children and other pets. This is why they make such excellent family companions. However, their high energy levels mean they need ample exercise to prevent any boredom and destructive behavior.
Prospective owners should be prepared for an active lifestyle and provide plenty of opportunities for their dogs to burn off excess energy.
5. Argentine Pila Dog: A Hairless, Mild Companion
The Argentine Pila Dog is a rare and ancient breed from Argentina that is known for its hairless body, although some coated varieties do exist. This breed is cherished for its unique appearance and gentle, affectionate nature. These dogs are also known for being very loving and devoted to their families.
They absolutely thrive on human interaction and make excellent companions for people who can provide them with plenty of attention and affection on a daily basis. Due to being hairless, they need regular bathing and moisturizing to keep their skin healthy. They also require protection from extreme weather conditions. Their lack of fur makes them very susceptible to sunburn and cold temperatures.
The coated variety of these dogs requires regular grooming to maintain a healthy coat. This breed is generally low energy indoors but does like regular walks and playtime. They are known for their calm and quiet demeanor, making them great dogs for apartment living when owners can provide them with some form of daily exercise.
