Heatstroke, also known as hyperthermia, is a very serious and potentially life-threatening condition. It happens when a dog’s body temperature rises to dangerous levels, usually above 103°F (39.4°C). This can spell disaster for a dog that doesn’t have access to water and shade.
As a responsible dog owner, it’s important to recognize the signs of heatstroke, especially if you live in a tropical or arid climate. Here’s what to know about preventing this condition and ensuring your furry friend stays safe.
Understanding the Signs of Heatstroke in Dogs
Knowing the symptoms of heatstroke allows you to quickly intervene if your dog gets too hot. Some signs of heatstroke include:
1. Excessive drooling: Thick, sticky saliva is common in dogs that are overheating. It might also look like foam.
2. Confusion and disorientation: Heatstroke can quickly affect your dog’s brain function. They may experience trouble walking or seemingly not listen to commands.
3. Weakness: Your dog may appear weak or wobbly.
4. Increased body temp: A rectal temperature over 103°F (39.4°C) is a clear sign of heatstroke.
5. Dark or tarry stool: This could indicate internal distress and possible bleeding.
6. Bright red tongue: Signifies excessive heat and poor oxygenation.
7. Dry or sticky gums: Dehydration is very common in cases of heatstroke. That’s why it’s so important to bring water and a collapsable bowl if you go on long hikes with your dog.
8. Rapid breathing: This is different than panting. It might seem like your dog can’t catch their breath.
Your dog may have some or all of these symptoms, depending on the severity of their condition.
Act Quickly if You Suspect Heatstroke
If you think that your dog could be suffering from heatstroke, take immediate action. Start by moving your dog to a cool area, like under the shade of a tree. Preferably, take them indoors where you have air conditioning or a fan. Do not dunk them into a swimming pool or lake; the change in temperature could put their body in shock.
Once you’ve taken them out of the sun, offer small amounts of room-temperature water. Using a damp cloth, you can also wet your dog’s belly, paws, and neck. Avoid using any ice or ice-cold water as this can cause the blood vessels to constrict, and the body won’t be able to remove the heat.
If your dog worsens (such as experiencing a seizure), go to the emergency vet immediately. They can work to stabilize your dog’s internal organs and body temperature.
What Situations Can Result in Heatstroke?
It’s a popular misconception that only dogs in direct sunlight will suffer from heatstroke. Yet, there are many situations that could cause a dog to overheat and suffer life-threatening complications. These scenarios include:
- Being left in hot cars without the windows rolled down
- Going for long hikes without cover or shade
- Experiencing medical conditions that affect how the body regulates temperature
- Engaging in strenuous playtime in hot weather
- Being left in poorly ventilated areas (such as a basement)
Ways to Prevent Heatstroke in Your Dog
While there are many treatment options for heatstroke, prevention is key to keep your dog safe. Some tips include:
- Reading the weather forecast. If you’re planning an outdoor adventure, such as a hike or a day at the dog park, check the weather. If it’s going to be hot, bring bottled water and spray fans.
- Ensure access to clean, cool water. You may also consider purchasing a beach tent, which will create shade while you’re on the go.
- Avoid vigorous exercise when it’s hot. Instead, try to opt for early morning or late evening walks.
- Don’t leave your dog in a parked car. If you must, roll down the windows, or even keep the car with the AC running.
- Keep your dog at a healthy weight. Obese dogs are more likely to suffer heatstroke than their healthier counterparts.
There are some cooling aids on the market for dogs as well. Some of these include vests, fans, and mats to help regulate your dog’s body temperature. Believe it or not, regular grooming can also help to prevent overheating; a well-maintained coat helps greatly with heat dissipation.
3 Safety Considerations in the Heat
Heatstroke is just one of many health conditions you want to help your dog avoid during the summer months. You should also take care to:
- Avoid sunburns. If you have a hairless dog, like a Chinese Crested, apply doggy sunscreen to prevent skin irritation. You may also choose to purchase a doggy sweater to avoid direct sun exposure.
- Check on their paws. A dog’s paws can dry out when it’s hot outside. You can purchase a paw balm that helps retain moisture and prevent blisters.
- Monitor their behavior. You know your dog better than anybody. If you notice any signs of distress, such as excessive panting or drooling, take them indoors.
Dog Breeds Prone to Heatstroke
Any dog can suffer heatstroke. Yet, certain dog breeds are much more susceptible to heatstroke than others. This is especially true for brachycephalic breeds such as Bulldogs, Pugs, Shih Tzus, and Boxers. These flat-faced breeds have far shorter snouts and narrower airways than most dogs.
Because of this, it is so much harder for them to pant efficiently, in turn, making it harder for them to cool down. Also, double-coated dog breeds, such as Huskies and Malamutes, are at a much higher risk of heatstroke.
Elderly dogs, overweight dogs, puppies, and those with underlying health conditions are also very vulnerable to heat exhaustion. If your dog is dealing with a heart condition or respiratory issues, keep a good eye on them in the warmer weather. That way, if they start showing symptoms of heatstroke, you can cool them down.
