Among the most popular terrier breeds in the world, the West Highland White Terrier (or Westie) is a charismatic breed with an independent yet loving personality. Hailing from the rural areas of Scotland, this snow-white dog has won the hearts of many. Read on to learn more about the wonderful Westie!
1. The Westie Originated from Scotland
The Westie originates from the highlands of Scotland, where a handful of other terriers have also descended. In fact, breed is closely related to the Cairn Terrier, another Scottish dog breed. During the breed’s development, the Westie was seen as a white variant of both the Cairn and the Scottish Terrier. White terriers from Scotland are believed to have been recorded as early as the 1500s; interestingly, King James VI of Scotland presented about a dozen of these dogs as gifts to the Kingdom of France.
During the late 19th century, a man by the name of Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch started breeding white terriers. Legend states that Malcolm had a beloved hunting terrier that was reddish in color and was mistaken for a fox and then shot. He was so grieved by the loss that he specifically chose to breed white dogs, as they stood out more in the field. The first generation of these dogs were interestingly sandy-colored, and they already had developed the pricked ears sported by modern-day Westies.
Another man by the name of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, also bred his very own line of white terriers that he called the “Roseneath Terrier”. While many say the Roseneath Terrier is an archaic name for the Westie, it still isn’t known what role this dog played in this breed’s development. However, some of these dogs were likely crossbred with Malcolm’s dogs.
These dogs would be called “Poltalloch Terriers”, but as Edward Donald Malcolm stated that he wanted no association for the breed’s creation, the name was changed to the “West Highland White Terrier” in 1908. In the same year, the American Kennel Club (AKC) would also recognize the Westie as a breed of its own.
2. Westies Were Bred to Pursue Small Animals
As with other related terrier breeds, the West Highland White Terrier was bred to hunt rodents and other small animals that farmers would consider to be a nuisance out in rural Scotland. The Westie is geared to pursue rats that would cause trouble, whether it be damaging crops or spreading disease. It is said that the Westie’s tail was even bred to be strong so that farmers could pull them out of underground burrows if needed; however, the author does not recommend doing so.
The West Highland White Terrier was also used to hunt other animals, including rabbits, badgers, and foxes. Westies can track down their quarry through scent, being able to discover and alert their owners to the locations of their dens. This breed boasts a loud bark, allowing its handlers to locate the dogs easily. Due to their history as ratters, the West Highland White Terrier exhibits a strong prey drive that can be observed even at home today, which is very important to consider if you want to bring this breed home.
3. These Terriers Are Popular Dogs!
The West Highland White Terrier is a very popular terrier breed in both the United Kingdom and the United States. As of 2024, the American Kennel Club ranked the Westie as number 43th within its list of most popular dog breeds. Though still widely popular today, this breed has seen a slight decline since 2014. Nevertheless, the Westie is still a very popular family dog today.
This British breed has been represented in popular culture. Most people probably recognize the Westie (named Duffy) as the mascot for the dog food brand Cesar in its commercials and other advertisements. Along with the related Scottish Terrier, a West Highland White Terrier could also be seen in the Scottish whiskey brand Black and White in its advertising campaigns.
This breed also has its own very special day, which varies depending on the region. Some people celebrate this day on March 20th in honor of Edward Donald Malcolm (who passed away on that very day at the age of 92 in 1930), while others celebrate it on May 3rd, as this marks the day that various kennel clubs recognized this iconic breed.
4. Some Breed-Specific Issues Affect This Breed
The Westie is generally a robust and healthy dog; however, this canine does have a few breed-specific problems.
One notable issue is known as craniomandibular osteopathy, which is also known as “lion jaw” or even “Westie jaw”. Westie jaw is usually observed in younger dogs and occurs when the jaw bones become abnormally thick, causing discomfort and pain when chewing and swallowing. This is caused by an autosomal recessive gene, meaning that ethical breeders can prevent this defect by genetically screening parent dogs. With a proper treatment plan, the pain can be managed through pain relievers and soft foods as directed by a veterinarian.
The West Highland White Terrier is also prone to a plethora of skin problems, including hereditary eczema (which affects around a quarter of all Westies) and hyperplastic dermatosis. White dog shaker syndrome, a neurological disease that affects many white-colored dog breeds, can also occur in the Westie. Heart disease, hip dysplasia, and luxating patellas (floating kneecaps) are also issues to look out for.
It is highly recommended that your dog is examined annually by a veterinarian to catch any underlying problems before they become life-threatening issues.
5. These Little Dogs Love Lots of Exercise!
The West Highland White Terrier is an active breed that thrives on exercise for at least an hour a day. Long walks, along with some time to play and run around in a secure yard, are highly relished by a Westie. It is always crucial to keep this dog on a leash, as due to its high prey drive, the Westie can and will chase after anything that moves, whether it be a squirrel, a child, or even a car!
This terrier excels in various doggy sporting competitions, especially those that allow them to exercise their breed potential. The Westie is also an ideal candidate for agility trials, scent work, and a wide variety of other activities. One great sport for a Westie is earthdog trials, which allows them to fully express their hunting instincts. This is a simulated hunting trial that involves tracking down the targeted prey (usually a secure cage containing live rats) in an artificial den. The goal is for the terrier to track down its quarry, enter the den, and then “work” the prey through interacting with the cage.
6. These Dogs Need Regular Grooming
The West Highland White Terrier’s double coat must be regularly maintained. Daily brushing and combing are important to maintain its fur, prevent matting, and reduce shedding. Traditionally, owners hand strip dead hairs from this dog’s coat, and this method is required for Westies partaking in dog shows.
Owners who do not wish to show their dogs are better off taking their Westies to professional groomers, who can clip and maintain their fur coat every four to six weeks. While bathing can be done occasionally if needed (especially after your dog gets dirty), overdoing it can cause your dog’s fur more harm than good.
As with all other dogs, be sure to trim your dog’s nails every few weeks to prevent discomfort. Cleaning your Westie’s ears is also important to ward off infection. The West Highland White Terrier is prone to dental disease, so it is highly recommended to brush your Westie’s teeth every day. While dental chews are great supplements for your dog, be mindful that they should not be used as a substitute for actual tooth brushing.
7. Westies Need Socialization and Training to Thrive
While the Westie may be small in stature, take note that this breed is a farm dog at heart! Don’t let this breed’s soft exterior fool you; this canine is determined and strong-willed. The Westie is self-reliant and doesn’t always want to be coddled 24/7. Training and socialization must begin early in puppyhood to prevent behavioral issues from forming. Barking and digging are both behaviors from the Westie’s origins as a hunting dog that can become problematic if left to their own devices. The Westie is an intelligent dog that requires both firmness and patience during training as they can have a bit of an independent streak. This breed, and all other dogs, does not take well to harsh punishment. Positive reinforcement is key!
The Westie, as mentioned earlier, needs some time to release some steam both physically and mentally. A bored dog is a destructive dog, and this terrier is no exception to the rule. While hard-headed at times, the Westie also has an affectionate side and makes a playful companion.
