Coined the “Black Pearl of Russia”, the Black Russian Terrier is a sight to behold. This dog was bred to perform many tasks, and the endurance and stamina that this canine possesses can still be seen today. Read on to learn more about the hard-working Black Russian Terrier!
1. These Dogs Were Developed in the 1940s
Also known as the Chornyi Terrier (chornyi is Russian for black), the Black Russian Terrier hails from Russia. Being a relatively newer breed, the Black Russian Terrier was developed during in late 1940s and early 1950s.
The Soviet Union military needed a dog that was versatile for many duties, from search-and-rescue missions to police work. The Red Star Kennel, a state-run kennel that operated in Moscow, was responsible for creating a strong, hard-working dog that could withstand the harshest conditions in their line of work. And the endeavor was successful!
Eventually, some puppies were sold to civilians, who would then guide the breed standard toward its appearance today. Through breed enthusiasts, the dogs were imported to other European countries and eventually the rest of the world.
The Russian dog’s breed standard was first established in 1958, and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) would then eventually recognize the Black Russian Terrier later in 1984. The first Black Russian Terriers imported into the United States arrived during the early 1990s, and the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the Black Russian Terrier in 2004.
2. These Dogs Are Not True Terriers!
While the Black Russian Terrier has “terrier” in its name, this breed isn’t considered a true terrier at all. There is actually very little terrier blood in this dog’s genes (less than around 30%), which we’ll explore more in the next part. The Black Russian Terrier is categorized in the working group according to the AKC, not in the terrier group.
The Black Russian Terrier gets its name from its resemblance to an actual terrier breed. The only terrier in this dog’s blood is from the Airedale Terrier, and all other dog breeds that compose this breed come from different breed groups. Either or, the Black Russian Terrier is still a unique breed that is very deserving of recognition of its own.
3. Many Breeds Created the Black Russian Terrier
Around 17 different dog breeds were used in the creation of the Black Russian Terrier. Sourcing dogs was initially difficult for the Red Star Kennel as many dogs were wantonly killed during the Russian Revolution; therefore, importation of other breeds was required (which were mostly sourced from Germany after World War II).
Breeds that formed the foundation of the Black Russian Terrier’s ancestry include Rottweilers, Giant Schnauzers, Airedale Terriers, and Newfoundlands. Other known dog breeds incorporated into this canine included Great Danes, German Shepherds, and even the now-extinct Moscow Water Dog.
Percentage-wise, it can be said that the Black Russian Terrier is made up of around 30% Rottweiler, 30% Giant Schnauzer, 30% Airedale Terrier, and 10% other breeds. All combined, the result was a hardy, powerful dog that could work in a wide range of conditions, especially during Russia’s cold winters.
4. This Dog Was Bred to Work!
The Black Russian Terrier was selectively bred to work in the toughest conditions. Originally, the Black Russian Terrier was bred primarily as a guard dog to defend various military compounds, including military camps, borders, and prisons.
After World War II, when fewer dogs were needed, puppies would then be sold to dog fanciers, enthusiasts, and other civilians. While fanciers were working on defining the physical appearance of the Black Russian Terrier, they would also note their more practical uses as a working animal.
The Black Russian Terrier’s strong work ethic makes them a very useful companion. Today, some people use Black Russian Terriers to pull carts as draft animals, while others use them to drive cattle and herd livestock. Some search-and-rescue units are even utilizing Black Russian Terriers in their operations.
Interestingly, people have even used these canines as sled dogs (after all, they’re suited to colder climates, so why not?). This versatile breed is one powerful workhorse of a dog.
5. This Breed Can Experience Bloat
The Black Russian Terrier is generally a healthy dog breed, though, like other dogs, it can be prone to issues such as hip/elbow dysplasia and bloat (also known as gastric dilation volvulus).
Hip and elbow dysplasia occur when joints don’t fully grow properly, which can cause arthritis if it progresses. If detected early, your dog can still live a healthy life through a proper treatment plan.
Bloat is another health issue that this canine can suffer, which occurs when your dog’s stomach suddenly fills with gas and twists. Deep-chested breeds, such as Irish Wolfhounds and Great Danes, can be prone to bloat, and it requires immediate veterinary attention.
The Black Russian Terrier can also be prone to progressive retinal atrophy, which occurs when your dog’s rods and cones inside their eyes eventually deteriorate, causing blindness. Another thing to note is that this canine is relatively prone to hyperuricosuria.
Hyperuricosuria occurs when your dog’s kidneys produce much more uric acid than usual, which can cause painful kidney/bladder stones or even urinary blockage to occur. Frequent urination, along with blood, are telltale signs of this condition, and usually, your veterinarian will provide a treatment plan (though surgery may be required to remove some stones).
It is highly recommended to have your dog examined annually by a veterinarian. An appointment should also be scheduled as soon as possible if your dog shows any symptoms of illness.
6. These Dogs Have Grooming Requirements
The Black Russian Terrier’s distinctively jet-black coat requires some attention. When it comes to grooming, this is a high-maintenance breed. A thorough brushing once or twice a week is a must to prevent mats.
A slicker brush can be used for general brushing, and a metal grooming rake can then be used to untangle loose undercoat hairs under your dog’s coat. A comb can then be used to remove any excess hair. Trimming its facial hairs with appropriate scissors can also be done to maintain its appearance but isn’t needed. Its coat may need to be clipped occasionally.
As with all other dogs, your Black Russian Terrier’s ears should be cleaned frequently to prevent infection. Because of its inner ear hairs, this is highly crucial, as these strands can trap dirt and moisture. Your dog’s nails should also be trimmed every few weeks. Brushing your dog’s teeth is also important to ensure that your canine’s dental health is in top condition. While daily brushing is ideal, brushing two to three times a week should suffice. While dental chews are a great way to maintain your dog’s teeth, regular tooth brushing is critical.
7. This Working Dog Needs Lots of Exercise
As a working dog, the Black Russian Terrier needs exercise daily. While not a high-energy breed, both this canine’s physical and mental health rely on releasing steam. Long walks and playtime are both relished and enjoyed by these dogs. Games like fetch and frisbee are great ways to bond with your dog while also allowing them to obtain the workouts they need. Swimming and hiking are also other great ways for your dog to exercise. The Black Russian Terrier is also known to excel in agility trials.
To avoid bloat, do not exercise your dog for an hour or so after mealtime. While exercise is important, puppies should not be over-exerted as their joints and bones are still growing. These are both important things to keep in mind to reduce any risks of injury for your dog. Obedience trials are another great way to mentally engage these highly intelligent dogs.
Your dog can also participate in Schuthund, which is a dog sport that involves protection, tracking, and obedience; all great ways to allow your Black Russian Terrier to showcase its natural abilities.
8. These Large Dogs Need Firm, Consistent Owners
While the Black Russian Terrier is a very charming and charismatic breed of its own, it is not recommended for first-time owners. This highly intelligent breed requires firm and consistent training at an early age and throughout the rest of its lifetime to avoid aggression and reactivity.
The Black Russian Terrier’s grooming and exercise requirements must not be neglected, either. This canine also bonds with its owners and is naturally wary around strangers, so socialization training is very important to accustom your dog to other people. While often bonding closely with children within their families, supervision is a must.
This dog is very loyal and loves hanging out and spending time with the people it bonds with; this is very important to note when considering going on vacation as boarding can be painstaking for your dog. Sourcing a Black Russian Terrier can be difficult, as this breed is still relatively rare in the United States. To ensure you get a dog that’s free of preventable health problems and conforms to the breed standard, always purchase from an experienced, ethical breeder.
