Eels are a great choice of pet for any owner looking to branch out beyond the typical aquarium residents. Many people are surprised to learn that eels can be kept as pets, but these creatures actually adapt well to captivity. Eels are also attractive because of the variety they offer: there are freshwater and saltwater eels that come in diverse sizes, colors, and temperaments. Beyond this, eels also have fairly straightforward care requirements, so that even beginner aquarists can keep eels as pets.
How to Keep Eels as Pets
Eels are hardy and do not easily fall prey to common diseases that afflict other aquarium fish. They are also easy to feed and not overly picky, making them ideal even for beginners. Combined with their stunning looks, eels therefore make a great addition to any aquarium.
There are actually variants of both freshwater and saltwater eels that can be kept as pets. Interested owners should weigh the benefits of freshwater and saltwater aquariums to decide which would be best. Eels are typically very timid and will not attack unless provoked or cornered.
Eels are a fascinating species and a prime candidate for any keeper who wants an exotic aquarium pet. Quickly, here’s a breakdown of common misconceptions: eels do not have an electric tail and they are not one of the most venomous sea creatures. (Fun fact: the electric eel is actually a misnomer and not an eel at all, but actually a type of knifefish.) Some eels do have intimidating, needle-like teeth, but these are made to quickly break down food.
Freshwater Eels as Pets
Before diving into the best eels to keep as pets, it’s important to clarify that most eels are actually freshwater species. Eels are catadromous, which means that they typically live in freshwater bodies (rivers and streams mostly) but migrate to marine waters for breeding and spawning. However, there are species of saltwater eels that spend their entire lives in the ocean.
For freshwater alternatives, try the Yellow Tail Spiny Eel, Peacock Eel, Zigzag Eel, and Indian Mud Moray Eel. However, note that the Indian Mud Moray Eel actually does best in brackish water in lieu of migrating to the ocean during its breeding cycle.
Saltwater Eels as Pets
Saltwater eels are often more colorful than their freshwater counterparts. Moray eels are by far the most common type of saltwater eel to keep as pets. Popular types of moray eels that make great pets include the Snowflake Moray, Zebra Moray, Laced Moray, Chain-Link Moray, Golden Moray, Horned Moray, and Dragon Moray. The Snowflake and Golden Morays are the smallest options on this list, running approximately three and one feet, respectively.
Many eels interact with and prefer corals and live rocks to hide in. While these provide enrichment for eels, such striking landscaping features are also one of the many benefits of saltwater aquariums that draw keepers to the hobby.
Basic Care for Pet Eels
The aquarium size you’ll need will depend on the specific species of eel you buy. However, be prepared to invest in a large tank; most eels grow at least one foot in length. A good filter is one piece of equipment that will be important. As large animals, eels will naturally produce lots of waste. Therefore, you’ll need a strong, efficient filter. For saltwater eels, a protein skimmer will also help maintain clean water. But eels are one of several fish species that don’t need a heater, which helps reduce equipment and care costs.
It is important to note that eels are nocturnal and will not be active during the day. To overcome this, you can keep the tank lights lower or implement a light cycle that runs opposite ours. This means that the tank would be in “night mode” while you’re up during the day.
Eels will also need lots of hiding places, as they naturally prefer to be concealed and may avoid open water. Large rocks, coral, and PVC pipes are three of the most common types of decor that can fit eels. Ideally, the majority of your aquarium floor will have hiding places where your eel can easily fit in. Having hide options will make your eel feel more confident and willing to venture out.
Eels typically have one of two diets: carnivorous or crustaceous. Carnivorous eels will have the sharp, needle-esque teeth to tear apart other fish or soft animals (shrimp, oysters, etc.). Eels with crushing teeth will focus primarily on crustaceans, but also eat sea urchins and mollusks. You can find meal options for eels at dedicated fish stores and the grocery store; commercial pet stores may have a more limited selection of eel-appropriate food.
Companions for Pet Eels
Both freshwater and saltwater eels can be kept with other fish, depending on the species of eel. If you want a mixed-species tank, the best option is to get an eel that is smaller and more docile, such as the Dwarf Golden Eel. This may be ideal, regardless, since some believe that smaller fish are better for beginners.
For those who want to keep multiple saltwater eels or eels with other fish, the Snowflake Moray is a prime candidate. The Snowflake is tolerant of its own kind and other peaceful fish, since it eats crustaceans. The Zebra and Chain-Link Morays are also able to be kept with other morays and larger fish. For freshwater options, the Yellow Tail Spiny Eel and Peacock Eel stay under one foot and are more timid, so they’re safe to keep with larger peaceful fish.
For the best success, select fish that inhabit the middle and upper levels of the tank. Slow moving fish may also startle your eels less, prompting your eel to be more active.
